easy2coach Downloads & Revenueeasy2coach - Team Manager · App Store & Google Play
easy2coach - Team Manager by Easy2Coach GmbH is on App Store and Google Play. Active Users (MAU & DAU), Downloads, rankings, keywords, revenue, and rating totals.
easy2coach - Team Manager update history & changes
Last change · 29 events since 26 Apr 2016Full timeline ↓Full timeline · 29 events
- 📈easy2coach - Team Manager dropped out of every chart we trackiOSLast seen 6 Nov
- 📦easy2coach - Team Manager updated to version 5.0.40iOS• Notifications: you now only get alerts about events and comments if you can actually open the event
• Team messages: tapping the push notification takes you straight to the message
• RSVPs: “Your status” shows more clearly where you can still respond – including for your children after the deadline
• Carpools: once a car is full, no further seats can be confirmed
• Easier to read: more contrast in Dark Mode, on red notices and on loading indicators in buttons
• Exercise attributes better translated in many languages
• More stability for line-ups, opponents and image selection, and in rare edge cases… more - 📦easy2coach - Team Manager updated to version 5.0.39iOS• NEU: Platz & Material direkt beim Anlegen – Trainings, Spiele und Termine buchen ihre Ressourcen gleich mit, auf Wunsch für viele Termine auf einmal
• NEU: Ganze Trainingseinheiten aus Online-Trainingsplanern übernehmen – die App legt die Übungen an und baut daraus auf Wunsch einen Trainingsplan
• Übungen von Webseiten: Skizzen werden mit übernommen, Vorschaubilder lassen sich vergrößern, bereits vorhandene Übungen werden wiederverwendet
• Aufstellung: Startelf und Bank stehen gemeinsam im „Spieltagskader“, alle anderen übersichtlich unter „Nicht dabei“
• Gegner: Wettbewerbsarten, die schon in Spielen verwendet werden, bleiben geschützt
• Besser lesbar: stärkere Kontraste im hellen und dunklen Modus, gut erkennbare Vereinsfarben, lange Teamnamen werden umbrochen
• Mehr Stabilität und bessere Darstellung in seltenen Sonderfällen… more - 📈easy2coach - Team Manager entered the top 100iOSTop Grossing · Sports · IT
- 📈easy2coach - Team Manager charting in a new countryiOSItaly
- 📦easy2coach - Team Manager updated to version 5.0.38iOS• NEU: Kontakt-Import übernimmt „Spielrecht ab“ aus DFBnet-Listen als „Spieler seit“ – stehen mehrere Daten in einer Zelle, zählt das erste
• Spiel-Dashboard: Bilanz und Form zählen nur gespielte Spiele mit Ergebnis, der Tabellenplatz bezieht sich auf die ganze Liga
• Spiele bearbeiten: Ein Ergebnis wird nur noch gespeichert, wenn du eines einträgst
• Spielaktionen: Bei Wechseln richten sich die Spieler-Markierungen nach der gewählten Minute
• Tabellen: Ein spielfreier Spieltag zeigt nur ein Team und „Spielfrei“
• Torstatistik, Spieltage-Dialoge und PDF sprechen jetzt deine App-Sprache
• Datumsfelder übernehmen nur noch Jahre zwischen 1900 und 2100 – Eintippen läuft ohne Zwischenstände
• Kleinere Verbesserungen und Fehlerbehebungen, u. a. bei Spielerstatistik, Datei-Upload und „Link kopieren“ im Live-Ticker… more - 📦easy2coach - Team Manager updated to version 5.0.37iOS• NEU: Startelf als Bild teilen – direkt aus der Aufstellung, mit Formation, Rückennummern und Bank
• Beim Startelf-Bild wählst du die Namensanzeige: Vor- und Nachname, nur Vorname oder nur Nachname
• Turniere: Auf Wunsch eigene Punkte pro Turnier, z. B. 2 Punkte pro Sieg beim Hallenturnier – auch im Turnier-PDF
• Spiele-Import: Dateien ohne Kopfzeile und mit Datum und Anstoß in einer Zelle werden erkannt, fehlende Pflichtspalten nennt die App vorab
• Kontakt-Import: DFBnet-Dateien mit Länderkürzeln werden erkannt
• Tactics öffnet sich direkt in der App, wenn sie installiert ist
• „Sichtbar für“ bei Trainingsplan und Aufstellung jetzt kompakt in einer Zeile
• Kleinere Verbesserungen und Fehlerbehebungen… more - 📦easy2coach - Team Manager updated to version 5.0.36iOS• NEW: Redesigned lists for Events, Match days, Training days and Tournaments – clearer, with a live indicator and your next event at a glance
• NEW: Bulk status with preview – see what will change beforehand and reset individual declines where needed
• All-day events are now correctly shown as full days
• Move an event and the response deadline moves with it automatically
• Tournaments: longer tournament types allowed, character counter for name and type
• Remove several guest and external players in one step
• Settings now explain when and to whom reminders are sent
• Minor improvements and bug fixes… more - 📦easy2coach - Team Manager updated to version 5.0.34iOS• NEW: Match days can now be numbered up to 999
• Edit several training sessions at once: you're only asked once and your team receives at most one notification
• Training series cover at most 12 months – the date picker takes this into account straight away
• Save results in the league table without losing other match details
• Attendance replies for supervised contacts: clear notice when the team hasn't enabled them
• Email confirmation: the link only confirms after a tap and recognises addresses that are already confirmed
• Minor improvements and bug fixes… more - 📦easy2coach - Team Manager updated to version 5.0.33iOS• NEU: Optimiert für faltbare Smartphones und Tablets – die Ansicht passt sich beim Auf- und Zuklappen und beim Drehen sofort an
• Zeitzonen: Hawaii, Alaska und weitere Zonen sind jetzt auswählbar, die automatische Erkennung im Profil ist genauer
• Spieltag: Bei Spielaktionen in der Nachspielzeit stehen wieder alle Spieler auf dem Platz zur Auswahl
• Teamnachrichten: Beim Bearbeiten bleiben Zeilenumbrüche erhalten
• Kleinere Verbesserungen und Fehlerbehebungen, u. a. beim Wechsel der Mannschaft… more - 📦easy2coach - Team Manager: now updating weeklyiOS4 updates in 30 days, after a quiet two months
- 📈easy2coach - Team Manager entered the top 100iOSTop Free · Sports · DE
- 📦easy2coach - Team Manager updated to version 5.0.32iOS• NEU: Der Spieltag ist jetzt wie der Trainingstag aufgebaut – Aufstellung und Spielaktionen stehen auf einer Seite, Tore, Karten und Wechsel bearbeitest du direkt dort.
• Auf dem Handy erscheinen die Spielaktionen ab Anpfiff unter dem Spielfeld, eine Sprungleiste bringt dich zu jedem Abschnitt.
• Turniere: Die Turnieransicht hat jetzt denselben Aufbau wie der Spieltag.
• Spiel-Dashboard: Klare Platzhalter, wenn noch kein Spiel oder Turnier geplant ist. Spielt dein Team nur Spiele, siehst du die nächsten beiden.
• Spiele mit Anstoß ab 22:00 Uhr lassen sich wieder anlegen, ein Spielende nach Mitternacht zählt automatisch zum Folgetag.
• Aufstellung: Beim Ziehen der Spieler siehst du die Änderung sofort, ohne Scrollbalken.
• Kleinere Verbesserungen und Fehlerbehebungen.… more - 📦easy2coach - Team Manager updated to version 5.0.33Android• NEW: Optimized for foldable phones and tablets – adapts instantly when you fold, unfold or rotate
• Time zones: Hawaii, Alaska and more now selectable, more accurate detection in your profile
• Match day: game actions in stoppage time show all players on the field again
• Team messages: line breaks are kept when editing
• Minor improvements and bug fixes… more - 📦easy2coach - Team Manager updated to version 5.0.31iOS• NEW: Extra time and penalty shoot-outs per match – match minutes run until the end of extra time, and the result shows “a.e.t.” or “pens”.
• Attendance: sort responses by response time. Switch on “Who & when” to see who accepted or declined and when.
• Match duration: a match can only be shortened as far as no match event gets lost.
• Opponent import: the preview shows which clubs are new and which are already in your list. You can update existing opponents too if you like.
• Evaluation sheets: the team table is readable on your phone, and the comparison shows the deviation from the team average.
• Contacts: the Excel export covers the whole filtered list. The match dashboard always shows your latest match and tournament.
• Minor improvements and bug fixes, including lists that didn’t respond to taps on some devices.… more - 📈easy2coach - Team Manager entered the top 100iOSTop Grossing · Sports · ID
- 📈easy2coach - Team Manager charting in a new countryiOSIndonesia
- 📦easy2coach - Team Manager updated to version 5.0.30iOS• NEU: Beliebig viele Wechsel pro Spiel – auch fliegende Wechsel: raus, wieder rein, wieder raus. Unter dem Minutenregler siehst du Spielzeit und Aktionen jedes Spielers.
• NEU: Termine in Team-Chat-Nachrichten verlinken – Training, Spiel, Turnier oder Vereinstermin öffnen sich mit einem Tipp.
• NEU: Kassenbericht der Saison als PDF, mit Kontoübersicht und Verlaufsdiagramm.
• Bewertungsbögen: Diagramme mit Auswahlliste, ein Verlauf je Merkmal und Export als Excel-Datei.
• Kontakte: Eine geänderte Trikotnummer oder Kapitänsbinde übernimmst du auf Wunsch in alle kommenden Spiele. Der Kontakt-Import kennt jetzt „Land“ und „Spieler seit“.
• Turniere: Lange Spiellisten sind eingeklappt, „Dein Status“ zeigt Profilbilder und das Abstimmungsergebnis steht direkt im Termin.
• Erstes Team: Gründen oder beitreten – jetzt in einem Schritt.
• Kleinere Verbesserungen und Fehlerbehebungen.… more - 📈easy2coach - Team Manager entered the top 100iOSTop Grossing · Sports · DE
- 📈easy2coach - Team Manager entered the top 100AndroidTop Free · Sports · DE
- 🆕easy2coach - Team Manager first spotted by AppInsideriOS#45 in Top Free · Sports · Germany
- 🆕easy2coach - Team Manager first spotted by AppInsiderAndroidGermany
- 📦easy2coach - Team Manager version 5.0.28iOS• NEU: Die Spielstatistik zeigt die möglichen Minuten – die Spalte „Mögl.“ sagt dir, worauf sich Min% bezieht, samt Zahl der Spiele.
• NEU: Mannschaftsgruppen in der Statistik – Spielerliste nach Gruppe filtern, Gruppen-Badge am Spieler, Min% rechnet mit den Spielen seiner Gruppe.
• NEU: Kontakte als Tabelle – mit Vereinsspalte und einem Umschalter für Liste, Kacheln und Tabelle. Dein gespeicherter Filter bleibt erhalten.
• Speichern: Fehlt ein Pflichtfeld, nennt dir die App genau dieses Feld – statt nur „konnte nicht gespeichert werden“.
• Dashboard: „Offene Beiträge“ zählt alle deine Kinder mit, auch wenn sie in verschiedenen Teams spielen.
• Tabelle: Dein Team steht nur noch einmal in der Wettbewerbsansicht, Gruppen tragen das Vereinslogo, ein fremdes Spiel bleibt bei 0:0.
• Spieltag und Trainingstag: Der Torwart steht auf jedem Feld mittig, Gruppennummern erscheinen auch in der Leseansicht, „Wer sieht das?“ zeigt überall dieselben Rollen.
• Trainingspläne: Deine Einstellung „Zeige geteilte Trainingspläne“ bleibt gespeichert – dazu kleinere Verbesserungen und Fehlerbehebungen.… more - 📦easy2coach - Team Manager version 5.0.28Android• NEW: Game statistics with possible minutes – the “Poss.” column explains Min%.
• NEW: Team groups in the statistics – filter, group badge, Min% per group.
• NEW: Contacts as a table with a club column and a view switcher.
• Saving: the app names the required field you missed.
• Dashboard: “Open dues” counts children from all teams.
• Table, game day and training day fixed, plus smaller improvements.… more - 🆕easy2coach - Team Manager released on Google PlayAndroid
- 🆕easy2coach - Team Manager released on the App StoreiOS
Collected from the stores by AppInsider since we first spotted the app. Dates are when we saw each change.
App Store
App details
Google Play
App details
easy2coach - Team Manager downloads & installs
Both stores, worldwide. Bands are open; exact numbers are free with an account.
| Store | Downloads / day | Lifetime installs |
|---|---|---|
| App Store | – | 10k+ |
| Google Play | – | 100k+ Measured |
| Total | – | 100k+ Confidence |
How this is calculated
Active users
All platforms, worldwide. Free with an account.
How this is calculated
In-app revenue
Worldwide, what users spend before Apple and Google take their fee.
| Store | Per day | Per month | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| App Store | |||
| Google Play | |||
| Total | Confidence | 100% |
Business model: In-app purchase-led
How easy2coach - Team Manager makes money: subscriptions, one-off purchases and ads.
Where it ranks now
Both stores, across every country we track.
| Store | Best rank | Charting in | US Top Free | US Top Grossing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App Store | #74 | 1 of 30 countries | – | – |
| Google Play | #149 | 1 of 23 countries | – | – |
Full chart lists: App Store · Google Play.
Review momentum
ⓘ How we measure thisReview momentum (0-100) blends how fast the app collects ratings compared with other apps in its category (60%), whether that pace is speeding up (25%) and what recent raters give it (15%; recent stars well below lifetime pull it down). Ratings counts are read daily. A jump usually means a launch, a feature, ads or a new review prompt.
Ratings
Both stores. Store data, measured.
| Store | Rating | Ratings |
|---|---|---|
| App Store | 4.1 ★ | 364 |
| Google Play | 3.8 ★ | 908 5 written reviews |
| Both stores | 3.9 ★ weighted by ratings | 1.3k |
About easy2coach - Team Manager
you plan trainings, matches and tournaments, set up your line-up visually, manage
your squad, statistics and team cashbox, and communicate with the whole team –
all in one place, GDPR-compliant and free. The app for the complete organization
of your football team.
While many team apps charge a subscription just for basic organization, easy2coach
gives you the full feature set for free.
EVERYTHING YOUR TEAM NEEDS:
MATCH & TRAINING PLANNING
Create trainings, matches and tournaments and let your players confirm or decline
with a single tap. Add line-ups, tasks, notes, videos, tactics and PDFs – all in
one tool.
VISUAL LINE-UP & MATCH ACTIONS
Set up your formation visually on the pitch, record match actions and stay on top
of every match day.
1,000+ FOOTBALL DRILLS & READY-MADE TRAINING PLANS
Find and share professional drills and complete training plans in seconds – from
the youngest kids to adults.
MATCH REPORTS & STATISTICS
Record goals, assists, minutes played, cards and ratings. Automatic statistics on
match performance, training attendance and tasks – available anytime, including
rankings.
SQUAD MANAGEMENT & ROLES
Manage players, contact details, positions and roles like coach, assistant coach,
player, parent, treasurer or staff – with a sophisticated permission system and
season changeover at the tap of a button.
PARENT & DEPUTY ACCESS (GDPR-COMPLIANT)
Ideal for youth teams: parents and deputies get their own GDPR-compliant logins –
keeping organization simple without exposing sensitive data.
SCHEDULE & CALENDAR SYNC
Plan all your dates in one place and sync them with your calendar – including
automatic reminders for the whole team.
TEAM COMMUNICATION & PUSH
News, chat, group conversations, polls and push notifications keep your team in
the loop. No more messy WhatsApp groups!
DIGITAL TEAM CASHBOX
Keep track of fees, fines and every transaction – fully digital, with a custom
penalty catalogue and online payment.
TEAM CLOUD & DOCUMENTS
Share files, match analyses, PDFs and training documents centrally in your private
team cloud.
CARPOOLING
Organize the trip to matches and tournaments together – no player gets left behind.
TASKS & TO-DOS
Assign tasks within the team and track their status – so nothing slips through the
cracks.
PROFESSIONAL PDF EXPORTS
Export line-ups, training plans, statistics, schedules and team lists as
professional PDFs for printing and sharing.
CROSS-PLATFORM – SYNC WITH WEB PORTAL, TRAINING & TACTICS
Everything you enter syncs in real time with the powerful easy2coach web portal –
work seamlessly on smartphone, tablet and PC. With your login you can also use the
easy2coach Training app and our free drawing and animation tool easy2coach Tactics.
WHY easy2coach TEAM MANAGER:
- Complete team organization – free from the start
- 1,000+ football drills, constantly expanding
- GDPR-compliant with parent & deputy logins
- Ideal for
easy2coach - Team Manager App Store
easy2coach - Team Manager is #74 in Sports Grossing in Germany and charting in 1 of 30 countries we track.
Updated 11 Nov 2026 · rankings refresh through the day
easy2coach - Team Manager on the App Store
App details
easy2coach - Team Manager downloads
Worldwide, per day, and installs to date. The band is open; the exact number is free with an account.
How this is calculated
Active users
All platforms, worldwide. Free with an account.
How this is calculated
In-app revenue
Worldwide, what users spend in easy2coach - Team Manager before Apple and Google take their fee.
How this is calculated
Business model: In-app purchase-led
How easy2coach - Team Manager makes money: subscriptions, one-off purchases and ads.
Where it ranks now
Every top chart it appears in across 30 countries.
| Country | Charts | Rank |
|---|---|---|
| SportsGrossing | #74 |
Apps near easy2coach - Team Manager on the chart
Sports Grossing, around #74.
Ratings
App Store, worldwide.
Review momentum
ⓘ How we measure thisReview momentum (0-100) blends how fast the app collects ratings compared with other apps in its category (60%), whether that pace is speeding up (25%) and what recent raters give it (15%; recent stars well below lifetime pull it down). Ratings counts are read daily. A jump usually means a launch, a feature, ads or a new review prompt.
About easy2coach - Team Manager
you plan trainings, matches and tournaments, set up your line-up visually, manage
your squad, statistics and team cashbox, and communicate with the whole team –
all in one place, GDPR-compliant and free. The app for the complete organization
of your football team.
While many team apps charge a subscription just for basic organization, easy2coach
gives you the full feature set for free.
EVERYTHING YOUR TEAM NEEDS:
MATCH & TRAINING PLANNING
Create trainings, matches and tournaments and let your players confirm or decline
with a single tap. Add line-ups, tasks, notes, videos, tactics and PDFs – all in
one tool.
VISUAL LINE-UP & MATCH ACTIONS
Set up your formation visually on the pitch, record match actions and stay on top
of every match day.
1,000+ FOOTBALL DRILLS & READY-MADE TRAINING PLANS
Find and share professional drills and complete training plans in seconds – from
the youngest kids to adults.
MATCH REPORTS & STATISTICS
Record goals, assists, minutes played, cards and ratings. Automatic statistics on
match performance, training attendance and tasks – available anytime, including
rankings.
SQUAD MANAGEMENT & ROLES
Manage players, contact details, positions and roles like coach, assistant coach,
player, parent, treasurer or staff – with a sophisticated permission system and
season changeover at the tap of a button.
PARENT & DEPUTY ACCESS (GDPR-COMPLIANT)
Ideal for youth teams: parents and deputies get their own GDPR-compliant logins –
keeping organization simple without exposing sensitive data.
SCHEDULE & CALENDAR SYNC
Plan all your dates in one place and sync them with your calendar – including
automatic reminders for the whole team.
TEAM COMMUNICATION & PUSH
News, chat, group conversations, polls and push notifications keep your team in
the loop. No more messy WhatsApp groups!
DIGITAL TEAM CASHBOX
Keep track of fees, fines and every transaction – fully digital, with a custom
penalty catalogue and online payment.
TEAM CLOUD & DOCUMENTS
Share files, match analyses, PDFs and training documents centrally in your private
team cloud.
CARPOOLING
Organize the trip to matches and tournaments together – no player gets left behind.
TASKS & TO-DOS
Assign tasks within the team and track their status – so nothing slips through the
cracks.
PROFESSIONAL PDF EXPORTS
Export line-ups, training plans, statistics, schedules and team lists as
professional PDFs for printing and sharing.
CROSS-PLATFORM – SYNC WITH WEB PORTAL, TRAINING & TACTICS
Everything you enter syncs in real time with the powerful easy2coach web portal –
work seamlessly on smartphone, tablet and PC. With your login you can also use the
easy2coach Training app and our free drawing and animation tool easy2coach Tactics.
WHY easy2coach TEAM MANAGER:
- Complete team organization – free from the start
- 1,000+ football drills, constantly expanding
- GDPR-compliant with parent & deputy logins
- Ideal for
Latest updates
More from Easy2Coach GmbH
easy2coach - Team Manager Android
easy2coach - Team Manager is #149 in Sports Free on Google Play in Germany and charting in 1 of 23 countries we track.
Updated 11 Nov 2026 · rankings refresh through the day
easy2coach - Team Manager on Google Play
App details
easy2coach - Team Manager downloads
Worldwide, per day, and installs to date. The band is open; the exact number is free with an account.
How this is calculated
Active users
All platforms, worldwide. Free with an account.
How this is calculated
In-app revenue
Worldwide, what users spend in easy2coach - Team Manager before Apple and Google take their fee.
How this is calculated
Business model: In-app purchase-led
How easy2coach - Team Manager makes money: subscriptions, one-off purchases and ads.
Where it ranks on Google Play
Every top 200 chart it appears in across 23 countries.
| Country | Charts | Rank |
|---|---|---|
| SportsFree | #149 |
Apps near easy2coach - Team Manager on the chart
Sports Free, around #149.
Ratings
Google Play, worldwide.
Review momentum
ⓘ How we measure thisReview momentum (0-100) blends how fast the app collects ratings compared with other apps in its category (60%), whether that pace is speeding up (25%) and what recent raters give it (15%; recent stars well below lifetime pull it down). Ratings counts are read daily. A jump usually means a launch, a feature, ads or a new review prompt.
About easy2coach - Team Manager
you plan trainings, matches and tournaments, set up your lineup visually, manage
your roster, statistics and team cashbox, and communicate with the whole team –
all in one place, GDPR-compliant and free. The app for the complete organization
of your soccer team.
While many team apps charge a subscription just for basic organization, easy2coach
gives you the full feature set for free.
EVERYTHING YOUR TEAM NEEDS:
MATCH & TRAINING PLANNING
Create trainings, matches and tournaments and let your players confirm or decline
with a single tap. Add lineups, tasks, notes, videos, tactics and PDFs – all in
one tool.
VISUAL LINEUP & MATCH ACTIONS
Set up your formation visually on the field, record match actions and stay on top
of every game day.
1,000+ SOCCER DRILLS & READY-MADE TRAINING PLANS
Find and share professional drills and complete training plans in seconds – from
the youngest kids to adults.
MATCH REPORTS & STATISTICS
Record goals, assists, minutes played, cards and ratings. Automatic statistics on
match performance, training attendance and tasks – available anytime, including
rankings.
ROSTER MANAGEMENT & ROLES
Manage players, contact details, positions and roles like coach, assistant coach,
player, parent, treasurer or staff – with a sophisticated permission system and
season changeover at the tap of a button.
PARENT & DEPUTY ACCESS (GDPR-COMPLIANT)
Ideal for youth teams: parents and deputies get their own GDPR-compliant logins –
keeping organization simple without exposing sensitive data.
SCHEDULE & CALENDAR SYNC
Plan all your dates in one place and sync them with your calendar – including
automatic reminders for the whole team.
TEAM COMMUNICATION & PUSH
News, chat, group conversations, polls and push notifications keep your team in
the loop. No more messy WhatsApp groups!
DIGITAL TEAM CASHBOX
Keep track of fees, fines and every transaction – fully digital, with a custom
penalty catalog and online payment.
TEAM CLOUD & DOCUMENTS
Share files, match analyses, PDFs and training documents centrally in your private
team cloud.
CARPOOLING
Organize the trip to matches and tournaments together – no player gets left behind.
TASKS & TO-DOS
Assign tasks within the team and track their status – so nothing slips through the
cracks.
PROFESSIONAL PDF EXPORTS
Export lineups, training plans, statistics, schedules and team lists as
professional PDFs for printing and sharing.
CROSS-PLATFORM – SYNC WITH WEB PORTAL, TRAINING & TACTICS
Everything you enter syncs in real time with the powerful easy2coach web portal –
work seamlessly on smartphone, tablet and PC. With your login you can also use the
easy2coach Training app and our free drawing and animation tool easy2coach Tactics.
WHY easy2coach TEAM MANAGER:
- Complete team organization – free from the start
- 1,000+ soccer drills, constantly expanding
- GDPR-compliant with parent & deputy logins
- Ideal for youth, amate
What's new in 5.0.33
• Time zones: Hawaii, Alaska and more now selectable, more accurate detection in your profile
• Match day: game actions in stoppage time show all players on the field again
• Team messages: line breaks are kept when editing
• Minor improvements and bug fixes