FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi: iPhone vs Android
FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi by FINEDIGITAL INC. is on both the App Store and Google Play. Here are both versions together: downloads, users, revenue, ratings and chart positions, store by store with totals.
Rating
4.0 ★
354 ratings, both stores
Measured
Best rank now
#42
Android · 
Auto & Vehicles Free
Auto & Vehicles FreeMeasured
App Store
App details
App ID
6468760045
Publisher
FINEDIGITAL INC.
Minimum OS
iOS 13.0+
Content rating
4+
Languages
17
AR EN FR DE HE IT JA KO MS PL RU ZH …
Size
146 MB
Google Play
App details
App ID
com.finedigital.finevu4a
Publisher
FINEDIGITAL
Content rating
Everyone
FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi downloads & installs
Both stores, worldwide. Bands are open; exact numbers are free with an account.
| Store | Downloads / day | Lifetime installs |
|---|---|---|
| iPhone | – | 10k+ |
| Google Play | – | 100k+ Measured |
| Total | – | 100k+ Confidence |
How this is calculated
iPhone: chart positions and rating growth per country, anchored on its own Android downloads; lifetime from ratings worldwide × installs per rating. Google Play: the daily change in its exact install count. The total adds every store.
Where FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi's downloads come from Modelled
Last 30 days: organic search, browsing the store, features and paid ads.
Active users
All platforms, worldwide. Free with an account.
Stickiness (DAU / MAU)
how many monthly users open it on a given day
How this is calculated
Monthly users come from lifetime installs across every store, fitted on monthly active user figures companies publish; daily users = monthly × the typical daily/monthly ratio for the category. Confidence is the chance the real number is within half to double ours.
In-app revenue
Worldwide, what users spend before Apple and Google take their fee.
| Store | Per day | Per month | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| App Store | |||
| Google Play | |||
| Total | Confidence | 100% |
Business model: In-app purchase-led
How FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi makes money: subscriptions, one-off purchases and ads.
In-app purchases
One-off purchases
/mo
of revenue
Where it ranks now
Both stores, across every country we track.
Ratings
Both stores. Store data, measured.
| Store | Rating | Ratings |
|---|---|---|
| App Store | 4.0 ★ | 354 |
| Google Play | 4.3 ★ | – |
| Both stores | 4.0 ★ weighted by ratings | 354 |
About FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi
Support iOS Version 13.0 or above.
FineVu CLOUD & Wi-Fi app supports Live View, recorded video playback, event summary, dash cam settings, and updates by connecting the dash cam to your smartphone over the Cloud and Wi-Fi.
[Features shared between Wi-Fi and Cloud]
- Dash cam connection:
Activate Wi-Fi by tapping the Wi-Fi button on the dash cam, and connect to your smartphone.
- Dash cam Setting:
Set and control your dash cam with the app.
- Storage:
Set aside videos downloaded from the dash cam. The stored videos can be played, regardless of the connection with the app.
[Cloud Features]
- Live View:
Connect the dash cam to the Cloud, and play the Live video in real time with the app.
- Cloud File:
Play videos automatically uploaded to the Cloud when driving events, parking events, or manual recordings occur.
- Driving Score:
Analyze your driving style by the last and monthly driving scores we provide.
- Push Notification:
Get a push notification in real time, including switching to driving/parking mode, and detecting impacts.
- Update:
Update the dash cam firmware and speed camera data over the Cloud.
- Cloud Setting:
Check the Cloud connection status, Cloud plan, and usage report in real time.
[Wi-Fi Features]
- Dash cam File:
Play and download videos recorded in the driving and parking mode.
- Event Summary:
Check whether the dash cam is turned off, high temperature or low voltage is blocked, as well as driving records, and history of impacts while parking.
- Update:
Update the dash cam’s latest firmware and speed camera data (once a month) over the Wi-Fi.
[Applied Model]
Domestic: X3500 POWER / LXQ600 POWER / X3300 NEW / X7700 POWER / LXQ3300 POWER / SF5000 / X550 CLOUD / X7700 CLOUD / LXQ3300 CLOUD / LXQ3300 3CH / X7700 PRO / X600 / X600 4K / X3600 POWER / LXQ700 POWER / X4K / X3700
Overseas: GX1000 CLOUD / GX35 CLOUD / GX1100 / GX1100 4K / GX1600 / GX9000 / LX4K
[Caution]
※ If you connect to Bluetooth or Wi-Fi via the smartphone’s system settings, an operation may be restricted. Try connecting only with the app.
※ Some smartphones may not work depending on the device specifications, such as OS version, and supported resolution.
※ If you switch to parking mode while the dash cam is connecting to Wi-Fi, your smartphone may be disconnected.
※ If you connect to the Cloud via 'Personal Hotspot' while the ‘Maximize Compatibility’ function is on, the connection between the dash cam and Cloud may be restricted. Please turn off the function.
※ If you use the VPN, it may cause Wi-Fi connection issues. Please pause the VPN, and use the app.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Access Permission]
- Location: Dash cam Wi-Fi search and connection
- Photo: Driving/Parking Screenshots save
- Bluetooth: Dash cam model search
- Camera: User’s profile photoshoot
[Developer Contact]
8th Floor, Fine Venture Bldg., 41, Seongnam-dearo 925beon-gil, Bundang-gu, S
FineVu CLOUD & Wi-Fi app supports Live View, recorded video playback, event summary, dash cam settings, and updates by connecting the dash cam to your smartphone over the Cloud and Wi-Fi.
[Features shared between Wi-Fi and Cloud]
- Dash cam connection:
Activate Wi-Fi by tapping the Wi-Fi button on the dash cam, and connect to your smartphone.
- Dash cam Setting:
Set and control your dash cam with the app.
- Storage:
Set aside videos downloaded from the dash cam. The stored videos can be played, regardless of the connection with the app.
[Cloud Features]
- Live View:
Connect the dash cam to the Cloud, and play the Live video in real time with the app.
- Cloud File:
Play videos automatically uploaded to the Cloud when driving events, parking events, or manual recordings occur.
- Driving Score:
Analyze your driving style by the last and monthly driving scores we provide.
- Push Notification:
Get a push notification in real time, including switching to driving/parking mode, and detecting impacts.
- Update:
Update the dash cam firmware and speed camera data over the Cloud.
- Cloud Setting:
Check the Cloud connection status, Cloud plan, and usage report in real time.
[Wi-Fi Features]
- Dash cam File:
Play and download videos recorded in the driving and parking mode.
- Event Summary:
Check whether the dash cam is turned off, high temperature or low voltage is blocked, as well as driving records, and history of impacts while parking.
- Update:
Update the dash cam’s latest firmware and speed camera data (once a month) over the Wi-Fi.
[Applied Model]
Domestic: X3500 POWER / LXQ600 POWER / X3300 NEW / X7700 POWER / LXQ3300 POWER / SF5000 / X550 CLOUD / X7700 CLOUD / LXQ3300 CLOUD / LXQ3300 3CH / X7700 PRO / X600 / X600 4K / X3600 POWER / LXQ700 POWER / X4K / X3700
Overseas: GX1000 CLOUD / GX35 CLOUD / GX1100 / GX1100 4K / GX1600 / GX9000 / LX4K
[Caution]
※ If you connect to Bluetooth or Wi-Fi via the smartphone’s system settings, an operation may be restricted. Try connecting only with the app.
※ Some smartphones may not work depending on the device specifications, such as OS version, and supported resolution.
※ If you switch to parking mode while the dash cam is connecting to Wi-Fi, your smartphone may be disconnected.
※ If you connect to the Cloud via 'Personal Hotspot' while the ‘Maximize Compatibility’ function is on, the connection between the dash cam and Cloud may be restricted. Please turn off the function.
※ If you use the VPN, it may cause Wi-Fi connection issues. Please pause the VPN, and use the app.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Access Permission]
- Location: Dash cam Wi-Fi search and connection
- Photo: Driving/Parking Screenshots save
- Bluetooth: Dash cam model search
- Camera: User’s profile photoshoot
[Developer Contact]
8th Floor, Fine Venture Bldg., 41, Seongnam-dearo 925beon-gil, Bundang-gu, S
FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi iPhone
파인뷰 CLOUD & Wi-Fi
FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi is #62 in Navigation Free in South Korea and charting in 1 of 24 countries we track.
Updated 27 Sep 2026 · rankings refresh through the day
DeveloperFINEDIGITAL INC.
CategoryNavigation
PriceFree
Released
Rating★ 4.0 (354)
Version1.1.34
Age rating4+
First seen by us 24 Sep 2026
24 Sep 2026Installs (est.)10k+ worldwide
Rating
4.0 ★
354 ratings
Measured
Best rank now
#62
Navigation FreeMeasured
FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi on the App Store
App details
App ID
6468760045
Publisher
FINEDIGITAL INC.
Minimum OS
iOS 13.0+
Content rating
4+
Languages
17
AR EN FR DE HE IT JA KO MS PL RU ZH …
Size
146 MB
FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi downloads
Worldwide, per day, and installs to date. The band is open; the exact number is free with an account.
How this is calculated
Apple publishes no download counts. iPhone downloads come from chart positions and daily rating growth per country, calibrated on Google Play install counts; lifetime installs from ratings worldwide × installs per rating. Confidence is the chance the real number is within half to double ours.
Where FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi's downloads come from Modelled
Last 30 days: organic search, browsing the store, features and paid ads.
Active users
All platforms, worldwide. Free with an account.
Stickiness (DAU / MAU)
how many monthly users open it on a given day
How this is calculated
Monthly users come from lifetime installs across every store, fitted on monthly active user figures companies publish; daily users = monthly × the typical daily/monthly ratio for the category. Confidence is the chance the real number is within half to double ours.
In-app revenue
Worldwide, what users spend in FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi before Apple and Google take their fee.
How this is calculated
Not on any Top Grossing chart: monthly active users × spend per user for its category, measured on the charted apps nearest the bottom of the charts.
Business model: In-app purchase-led
How FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi makes money: subscriptions, one-off purchases and ads.
In-app purchases
One-off purchases
/mo
of revenue
Where it ranks now
Every top chart it appears in across 24 countries.
| Country | Charts | Rank |
|---|---|---|
| South Korea | NavigationFree | #62 |
Apps near FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi on the chart
Navigation Free, around #62.
Ratings
App Store, worldwide.
Rating
4.0 ★
354 ratings
Measured
Ratings
354
Measured
About FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi
Support iOS Version 13.0 or above.
FineVu CLOUD & Wi-Fi app supports Live View, recorded video playback, event summary, dash cam settings, and updates by connecting the dash cam to your smartphone over the Cloud and Wi-Fi.
[Features shared between Wi-Fi and Cloud]
- Dash cam connection:
Activate Wi-Fi by tapping the Wi-Fi button on the dash cam, and connect to your smartphone.
- Dash cam Setting:
Set and control your dash cam with the app.
- Storage:
Set aside videos downloaded from the dash cam. The stored videos can be played, regardless of the connection with the app.
[Cloud Features]
- Live View:
Connect the dash cam to the Cloud, and play the Live video in real time with the app.
- Cloud File:
Play videos automatically uploaded to the Cloud when driving events, parking events, or manual recordings occur.
- Driving Score:
Analyze your driving style by the last and monthly driving scores we provide.
- Push Notification:
Get a push notification in real time, including switching to driving/parking mode, and detecting impacts.
- Update:
Update the dash cam firmware and speed camera data over the Cloud.
- Cloud Setting:
Check the Cloud connection status, Cloud plan, and usage report in real time.
[Wi-Fi Features]
- Dash cam File:
Play and download videos recorded in the driving and parking mode.
- Event Summary:
Check whether the dash cam is turned off, high temperature or low voltage is blocked, as well as driving records, and history of impacts while parking.
- Update:
Update the dash cam’s latest firmware and speed camera data (once a month) over the Wi-Fi.
[Applied Model]
Domestic: X3500 POWER / LXQ600 POWER / X3300 NEW / X7700 POWER / LXQ3300 POWER / SF5000 / X550 CLOUD / X7700 CLOUD / LXQ3300 CLOUD / LXQ3300 3CH / X7700 PRO / X600 / X600 4K / X3600 POWER / LXQ700 POWER / X4K / X3700
Overseas: GX1000 CLOUD / GX35 CLOUD / GX1100 / GX1100 4K / GX1600 / GX9000 / LX4K
[Caution]
※ If you connect to Bluetooth or Wi-Fi via the smartphone’s system settings, an operation may be restricted. Try connecting only with the app.
※ Some smartphones may not work depending on the device specifications, such as OS version, and supported resolution.
※ If you switch to parking mode while the dash cam is connecting to Wi-Fi, your smartphone may be disconnected.
※ If you connect to the Cloud via 'Personal Hotspot' while the ‘Maximize Compatibility’ function is on, the connection between the dash cam and Cloud may be restricted. Please turn off the function.
※ If you use the VPN, it may cause Wi-Fi connection issues. Please pause the VPN, and use the app.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Access Permission]
- Location: Dash cam Wi-Fi search and connection
- Photo: Driving/Parking Screenshots save
- Bluetooth: Dash cam model search
- Camera: User’s profile photoshoot
[Developer Contact]
8th Floor, Fine Venture Bldg., 41, Seongnam-dearo 925beon-gil, Bundang-gu, S
FineVu CLOUD & Wi-Fi app supports Live View, recorded video playback, event summary, dash cam settings, and updates by connecting the dash cam to your smartphone over the Cloud and Wi-Fi.
[Features shared between Wi-Fi and Cloud]
- Dash cam connection:
Activate Wi-Fi by tapping the Wi-Fi button on the dash cam, and connect to your smartphone.
- Dash cam Setting:
Set and control your dash cam with the app.
- Storage:
Set aside videos downloaded from the dash cam. The stored videos can be played, regardless of the connection with the app.
[Cloud Features]
- Live View:
Connect the dash cam to the Cloud, and play the Live video in real time with the app.
- Cloud File:
Play videos automatically uploaded to the Cloud when driving events, parking events, or manual recordings occur.
- Driving Score:
Analyze your driving style by the last and monthly driving scores we provide.
- Push Notification:
Get a push notification in real time, including switching to driving/parking mode, and detecting impacts.
- Update:
Update the dash cam firmware and speed camera data over the Cloud.
- Cloud Setting:
Check the Cloud connection status, Cloud plan, and usage report in real time.
[Wi-Fi Features]
- Dash cam File:
Play and download videos recorded in the driving and parking mode.
- Event Summary:
Check whether the dash cam is turned off, high temperature or low voltage is blocked, as well as driving records, and history of impacts while parking.
- Update:
Update the dash cam’s latest firmware and speed camera data (once a month) over the Wi-Fi.
[Applied Model]
Domestic: X3500 POWER / LXQ600 POWER / X3300 NEW / X7700 POWER / LXQ3300 POWER / SF5000 / X550 CLOUD / X7700 CLOUD / LXQ3300 CLOUD / LXQ3300 3CH / X7700 PRO / X600 / X600 4K / X3600 POWER / LXQ700 POWER / X4K / X3700
Overseas: GX1000 CLOUD / GX35 CLOUD / GX1100 / GX1100 4K / GX1600 / GX9000 / LX4K
[Caution]
※ If you connect to Bluetooth or Wi-Fi via the smartphone’s system settings, an operation may be restricted. Try connecting only with the app.
※ Some smartphones may not work depending on the device specifications, such as OS version, and supported resolution.
※ If you switch to parking mode while the dash cam is connecting to Wi-Fi, your smartphone may be disconnected.
※ If you connect to the Cloud via 'Personal Hotspot' while the ‘Maximize Compatibility’ function is on, the connection between the dash cam and Cloud may be restricted. Please turn off the function.
※ If you use the VPN, it may cause Wi-Fi connection issues. Please pause the VPN, and use the app.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Access Permission]
- Location: Dash cam Wi-Fi search and connection
- Photo: Driving/Parking Screenshots save
- Bluetooth: Dash cam model search
- Camera: User’s profile photoshoot
[Developer Contact]
8th Floor, Fine Venture Bldg., 41, Seongnam-dearo 925beon-gil, Bundang-gu, S
Latest updates
1.1.34
More from FINEDIGITAL INC.
FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi Android
FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi is #42 in Auto & Vehicles Free on Google Play in South Korea and charting in 1 of 15 countries we track.
Updated 27 Sep 2026 · rankings refresh through the day
DeveloperFINEDIGITAL
CategoryAuto & Vehicles
PriceFree
Released
Installs100k+
Rating★ 4.3 (0)
Updated
Content ratingEveryone
Rating
4.3 ★
0 ratings
Measured
Best rank now
#42
Auto & Vehicles FreeMeasured
FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi on Google Play
App details
App ID
com.finedigital.finevu4a
Publisher
FINEDIGITAL
Content rating
Everyone
FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi downloads
Worldwide, per day, and installs to date. The band is open; the exact number is free with an account.
How this is calculated
Google Play shows an exact lifetime install count; downloads per day are its daily change (measured). When Play hasn't refreshed the count, they come from new ratings and Top Free chart positions. Confidence is the chance the real number is within half to double ours.
Where FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi's downloads come from Modelled
Last 30 days: organic search, browsing the store, features and paid ads.
Active users
All platforms, worldwide. Free with an account.
Stickiness (DAU / MAU)
how many monthly users open it on a given day
How this is calculated
Monthly users come from lifetime installs across every store, fitted on monthly active user figures companies publish; daily users = monthly × the typical daily/monthly ratio for the category. Confidence is the chance the real number is within half to double ours.
In-app revenue
Worldwide, what users spend in FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi before Apple and Google take their fee.
How this is calculated
Not on any Top Grossing chart: monthly active users × spend per user for its category, measured on the charted apps nearest the bottom of the charts.
Business model: In-app purchase-led
How FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi makes money: subscriptions, one-off purchases and ads.
In-app purchases
One-off purchases
/mo
of revenue
Where it ranks on Google Play
Every top 200 chart it appears in across 15 countries.
| Country | Charts | Rank |
|---|---|---|
| South Korea | Auto & VehiclesFree | #42 |
Apps near FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi on the chart
Auto & Vehicles Free, around #42.
Ratings
Google Play, worldwide.
Rating
4.3 ★
0 ratings
Measured
Ratings
0
Measured
About FineVu Cloud & Wi-Fi
Support Android Version 10.0 or above.
FineVu CLOUD & Wi-Fi app supports Live View, recorded video playback, event summary, dash cam settings, and updates by connecting the dash cam to your smartphone over the Cloud and Wi-Fi.
[Features shared between Wi-Fi and Cloud]
- Dash cam connection:
Activate Wi-Fi by tapping the Wi-Fi button on the dash cam, and connect to your smartphone.
- Dash cam Setting:
Set and control your dash cam with the app.
- Storage:
Set aside videos downloaded from the dash cam. The stored videos can be played, regardless of the connection with the app.
[Cloud Features]
- Live View:
Connect the dash cam to the Cloud, and play the Live video in real time with the app.
- Cloud File:
Play videos automatically uploaded to the Cloud when driving events, parking events, or manual recordings occur.
- Driving Score:
Analyze your driving style by the last and monthly driving scores we provide.
- Push Notification:
Get a push notification in real time, including switching to driving/parking mode, and detecting impacts.
- Update:
Update the dash cam firmware and speed camera data over the Cloud.
- Cloud Setting:
Check the Cloud connection status, Cloud plan, and usage report in real time.
[Wi-Fi Features]
- Dash cam File:
Play and download videos recorded in the driving and parking mode.
- Event Summary:
Check whether the dash cam is turned off, high temperature or low voltage is blocked, as well as driving records, and history of impacts while parking.
- Update:
Update the dash cam’s latest firmware and speed camera data (once a month) over the Wi-Fi.
[Applied Model]
Korea :: X3500 POWER / LXQ600 POWER / X3300 NEW / X7700 POWER / LXQ3300 POWER / / SF5000 / X550 CLOUD / X7700 CLOUD / LXQ3300 CLOUD / LXQ3300 3CH / X7700 PRO / LXQ600 POWER PLUS / X600 / X600 4K / X3600 POWER / LXQ700 POWER / X4K / X3700 / LXQ EX
Global :: GX1000 CLOUD / GX35 CLOUD / GX1100 / GX1100 4K / GX1600 / GX9000
[Caution]
※ If you connect to Bluetooth or Wi-Fi via the smartphone’s system settings, an operation may be restricted. Try connecting only with the app.
※ If you do not use the app for a long time, the permission you have accepted may be automatically denied.
※ Some smartphones may not work depending on the device specifications, such as OS version, and supported resolution.
※ If you switch to parking mode while the dash cam is connecting to Wi-Fi, your smartphone may be disconnected.
※ If the ‘Switch to mobile data’ function is on in the Wi-Fi advanced settings, the connection between the dash cam and Wi-Fi may be restricted. Please turn off the function.
※ If you connect to the Cloud via 'Mobile Hotspot' while the ‘Power Saving mode’ function is on, the connection between the dash cam and Cloud may be restricted. Please turn off the function.
※ If you use the VPN, it may cause Wi-Fi connection issues. Please pause the VPN, and use the app.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FineVu CLOUD & Wi-Fi app supports Live View, recorded video playback, event summary, dash cam settings, and updates by connecting the dash cam to your smartphone over the Cloud and Wi-Fi.
[Features shared between Wi-Fi and Cloud]
- Dash cam connection:
Activate Wi-Fi by tapping the Wi-Fi button on the dash cam, and connect to your smartphone.
- Dash cam Setting:
Set and control your dash cam with the app.
- Storage:
Set aside videos downloaded from the dash cam. The stored videos can be played, regardless of the connection with the app.
[Cloud Features]
- Live View:
Connect the dash cam to the Cloud, and play the Live video in real time with the app.
- Cloud File:
Play videos automatically uploaded to the Cloud when driving events, parking events, or manual recordings occur.
- Driving Score:
Analyze your driving style by the last and monthly driving scores we provide.
- Push Notification:
Get a push notification in real time, including switching to driving/parking mode, and detecting impacts.
- Update:
Update the dash cam firmware and speed camera data over the Cloud.
- Cloud Setting:
Check the Cloud connection status, Cloud plan, and usage report in real time.
[Wi-Fi Features]
- Dash cam File:
Play and download videos recorded in the driving and parking mode.
- Event Summary:
Check whether the dash cam is turned off, high temperature or low voltage is blocked, as well as driving records, and history of impacts while parking.
- Update:
Update the dash cam’s latest firmware and speed camera data (once a month) over the Wi-Fi.
[Applied Model]
Korea :: X3500 POWER / LXQ600 POWER / X3300 NEW / X7700 POWER / LXQ3300 POWER / / SF5000 / X550 CLOUD / X7700 CLOUD / LXQ3300 CLOUD / LXQ3300 3CH / X7700 PRO / LXQ600 POWER PLUS / X600 / X600 4K / X3600 POWER / LXQ700 POWER / X4K / X3700 / LXQ EX
Global :: GX1000 CLOUD / GX35 CLOUD / GX1100 / GX1100 4K / GX1600 / GX9000
[Caution]
※ If you connect to Bluetooth or Wi-Fi via the smartphone’s system settings, an operation may be restricted. Try connecting only with the app.
※ If you do not use the app for a long time, the permission you have accepted may be automatically denied.
※ Some smartphones may not work depending on the device specifications, such as OS version, and supported resolution.
※ If you switch to parking mode while the dash cam is connecting to Wi-Fi, your smartphone may be disconnected.
※ If the ‘Switch to mobile data’ function is on in the Wi-Fi advanced settings, the connection between the dash cam and Wi-Fi may be restricted. Please turn off the function.
※ If you connect to the Cloud via 'Mobile Hotspot' while the ‘Power Saving mode’ function is on, the connection between the dash cam and Cloud may be restricted. Please turn off the function.
※ If you use the VPN, it may cause Wi-Fi connection issues. Please pause the VPN, and use the app.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What's new in 1.1.00
- Bug fixes and stability improvements